13.1.1 Appendix - Jet Theory - Introduction

A nozzle, or free jet, molecular beam is defined as a neutral beam extracted from an underexpanded supersonic, continuum jet expansion from a high-pressure gas source into a low-pressure ambient background. The term nozzle is used because of the similarity to expansions occurring from converging-diverging supersonic rocket nozzles. Most molecular beam researchers have done away with the diverging portion of the nozzle, and the term free jet is frequently used instead. The discussion in this section follows closely the article by David R. Miller (Ref. 21), focusing on issues relevant to our apparatus and operating conditions.


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